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Allen F. Sanborn Chalumalna Lamotialnini

Lesser Antilles Cicada aka Chalumalna martinesis gets a new Tribe.

The Lesser Antilles Cicada aka Chalumalna martinesis is a cicada found in the Lesser Antilles islands, for certain in Saint Martin (see sightings on iNaturalist).

Cicada researcher Allen Sanborn has a new paper titled Redescription, illustration and higher taxonomy of the Lesser Antilles cicada Chalumalna martinesis Boulard, 2001 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae).

This paper is of particular interest as it places Chalumalna martinesis this cicada in the Trible Lamotialnini, which is the same Trible as Magicicada periodical cicadas found un the U.S.

From the Abstract:

The genus Chalumalna is reassigned to Lamotialnini Boulard, 1976 based on the presence of conjunctival claws on the aedeagus and the lack of a developed uncus. Brevialavenosa Sanborn, 2021 and Chrysolasia Moulds, 2003 are shown to be members of Lamotialnini as well, expanding the tribal distribution to include the Caribbean, South and Central America.

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Allen F. Sanborn Megatibicen U.S.A.

Megatibicen pronotalis hesperiu

Looks like there is a new sub-species of Megatibicen pronotalis, to go with Megatibicen pronotalis pronotalis (Davis, 1938) and Megatibicen pronotalis walkeri (Metcalf, 1955) called Megatibicen pronotalis hesperiu. I am going to guess that ‘hesperiu’ refers to the Greek word for evening or western. If it’s western, maybe the hesperiu is an offshoot of M. pronotalis pronotalis.

As on 3/27 I have not read the paper. You can access it here https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5609.4.2.

See also the The Cicadas of North America Book which inspired the description of this new cicada species.

Categories
Australia Cyclochila

A big year for cicadas in Australia. Quit your job. Go there now.

Green Grocer Cicada image by Bron Green Grocer Cicada image by Bron.

2024 is shaping up to be a HUGE year for Green Grocer aka Cyclochila australasiae cicadas in Australia. Don’t believe me? Check out this article in the Sydney Morning Herald, watch the sightings pour into iNaturalist, look at the trends in Google Trends, or chat with observers on Cicada Discussion, Science and Study Group.

Looking at data from Google Trends(columns) and iNaturalist(lines), it looks like 2024 will be the best year in over ten years, with 2020, 2017 and 2013 being peak years (but not the biggest). iNaturalist is also a relatively new app/website; my guess is its user base wasn’t big enough until 2019 to compare to Google Trends.

Cicada Trends for Australia

While some Green Grocers appear every year, there is a periodicity at play. With the little data below it would seem there are two 7 year groups: one 2013 to 2020, and one 2017 to 2024. I’m making assumptions.

If my boss fires me tomorrow, I’m headed to Australia.

Categories
Neotibicen U.S.A.

A short cicada summer in central New Jersey

Adult Neotibicen tibicen 2024

Most of my cicada experience happens in the state of New Jersey, particularly central New Jersey (which does exist: it is comprised of Middlesex, Sommerset, Hunterdon and Mercer counties). Typically, in central and northern New Jersey, the summer cicada season will kick off in late June with the emergence of Neotibicen lyricen and end with the grinding calls of Neotibicen canicularis in the middle of September. Central New Jersey has these annual cicada species: Neotibicen lyricen (both sub-species), Neotibicen linnei, Neotibicen tibicen, Neotibicen winnemanna, Neotibicen canicularis, and possibly Megatibicen grossus in the south, and Okanagana rimosa in the north-west. Periodical cicadas are also found in the area, but not in the summer, and not in 2024.

Neotibicen tibicen aka Morning Cicadas (most call them Swamp Cicadas — I do not because it is not a helpful description) are abundant in my location and do well with both Spruce and Maple trees.

The summer of 2024 was a strange one:

  • I didn’t find my first Morning (Neotibicen tibicen tibicen) cicada until July 7th (about a week late), found my last one on August 9th (about two weeks early).
  • The last cicada I heard sing was during the last week of August, about two weeks early.
  • June high temperatures were 5 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than average (avg. 1991-2020), and there was 30% less precipitation. A HOT and DRY start.
  • July high temperatures were 2 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than average (avg. 1991-2020), and there was 20% less precipitation. A hot and DRY mid-season.
  • August high temps were flat, but there was +51% more precipitation. Average temperatures, and wet finale.
  • I used Weather Underground for 2024 averages, and Current Results for historical data.
  • It is worth nothing that Cicada Killer Wasps were plentiful and productive.

Neotibicen cicadas are around every where, but there are good years and great years. 2024 was not great. I don’t know if the extra HOT and dry weather had an impact, but it may have. Lots of “maybes”.

Here’s some photos of molting Neotibicen tibicen for you to enjoy:

Molting Neotibicen tibicen 2 2024

Molting Neotibicen tibicen 3 2024

Molting Neotibicen tibicen 2024

Categories
Australia Cystosoma

Bladder Cicadas are out in Australia

Bladder Cicadas are out in Australia, as reported by Ben McBurney on the Facebook Cicada Science & Discussion group.

Bladder Cicadas are green, sing at night, and have large abdomens. Are they katydid mimics, or just filling the same niche? Seems like it. According to Ben they sound like frogs, so maybe they’re frog mimics as well.

More to explore:

Categories
Neocicada

Neocicada hieroglyphica male adult and shed skins

Some Neocicada hieroglyphica hieroglyphica photos from my cellphone.

All photos captured in Brendan T. Byrne State Park, in New Jersey.

Neocicada hieroglyphica exuvia (skin/shell):
Exuvia lit by the sun

Neocicada hieroglyphica exuvia (skin/shell):
Inside the exuvia

Neocicada hieroglyphica ventral view:
Neocicada hieroglyphica ventral view

Neocicada hieroglyphica side view:
Neocicada hieroglyphica side view

Neocicada hieroglyphica dorsal view:
Neocicada hieroglyphica dorsal view

Categories
Eye Color Magicicada

How rare are Magicicada cicadas with white or blue eyes?

White eyed male Magicicada septendecim Metuchen NJ 2

How rare are Magicicadas cicadas with white or blue eyes?
Do we include yellowish-white/cream-colored eyes? Gray eyes?

“One in a million!”
“One in 100,000?”
“One in 1000”?

Let’s look at some data. Since its beginning, as of June 19th, 2024, iNaturalist has had 27,294 Research Grade Magicicada sightings, and 136 Research Grade “Magicicada eye color=blue/white” cicadas. So, in the iNaturalist data set, one in 201 Magicicada have white or blue eyes.

The number of white/blue eyed Magicicada is without a doubt more than one in 201, but not one in a million. Personally, I’ve found at least one cicada with white or blue eyes per emergence. My guess is the number is closer to one in 10,000.

But don’t tell anyone who is excited about a one in a million find. Let them have their fun and happiness. 🙂

More articles about eye color.

Categories
Magicicada Periodical

The cicada emergence is over. Now what?

“Will you miss me when I’m gone?”
end of the line

As I write this, the Brood XIX emergence is all but over, and Brood XIII has about two weeks left to go.

So what’s next? Well, I’ll tell you.

Upload your photos to iNaturalist and the Cicada Safari app

You can help cicada researchers by uploading your photos to iNaturalist or the Cicada Safari app.

iNaturalist is excellent for all animals — plus plants and fungi — not just cicadas. You will find yourself using it all year long. Cicada Safari is specifically for cicadas.

Learn about Annual species of cicadas

There are more to cicadas that just Periodical cicadas.

Cicadas exist on every continent except for Antarctica, and in every State in the U.S. except for Hawaii and Alaska!

Learn about the most-common cicadas that live in the same areas as periodical cicadas, and then learn about the variety of cicadas found around the world.

Preserve your cicada specimens

Saving cicada skins (molts/shells) and wings is easy. Just keep them dry.

Preserving Periodical cicadas can be challenging because their eye colors fade and because they’re fatty and smell.

If you want to preserve eye colors, keeping them in alcohol seems to work best.

Some people dip them in acetone to mitigate the smell from decaying fat, but I’ve never tried it.

Otherwise, keep them dry and in a cedar box. I use silica gel packs to keep them dry. Cedar repels small insects that will eat your cicada collection. Moth balls work as well to keep tiny insects away from your collection.

If you want to pin your cicadas, so the wings are spread out, you have to do it while the cicadas are still moist. Plenty of places have supplies, like Carolina Biological Supply. I’ve softened hard cicadas by placing them in Tupperware/Rubbermaid containers with moist paper towels and a moth ball to prevent mold.

Make a scrapbook of your cicada memories

Make a scrapbook or photo album of your cicada memories.

This is something I do every year, though I tend to mix it up with non-cicada photos as well.

photo album

Categories
Brood XIV Magicicada Periodical

Brood XIV (14) Cicadas will emerge in 2025 in twelve states

Periodical cicada Brood XIV (14) will emerge in the spring of 2025 in Georgia, Kentucky, Indiana, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia. The last time this brood emerged was in 2008. Special note: removing Maryland from the list at the request of the State Entomologist of Maryland.

What:

Millions of these Magicicada cicada insects:

Adult, Nymph Molting
Top: Adult. Bottom left: Nymph. Bottom right: Molted cicada.

When:

Usually beginning in May and ending in late June. These cicadas emerge approximately when the soil 8″ beneath the ground reaches approximately 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Above ground temperatures in the 70’s-80’s help warm the soil to that point. A warm rain will often trigger an emergence.

Other tips: these cicadas will emerge after the trees have grown leaves, and, according to my own observation, around the same time Iris flowers bloom.

Where:

City data comes from May 2008 and June 2008 blog comments. County locations are historical and may no-longer be accurate*.

  • Georgia counties: Fannin, Lumpkin, Rabun, Union. We’re talking the northeastern part of Georgia, within the Blue Ridge Mountains region.
  • Indiana counties: Crawford, Harrison, Perry. We’re talking the southern part of Indiana, by the Ohio River.
  • Kentucky counties: Anderson, Barren, Bath, Bell, Bourbon, Boyd, Bracken, Campbell, Carter, Clinton, Edmonson, Fayette, Franklin, Floyd, Gallatin, Grant, Hardin, Harrison, Henderson, LaRue, Laurel, Leslie, Logan, Madison, McCreary, Montgomery, Nelson, Nicholas, Pendleton, Pike, Pulaski, Rowan, Scott, Shelby, Whitley. We’re talking most of Kentucky east of U.S. Route 41, with major hot-spots along the Ohio river.
  • Kentucky cities: Adairville, Bowling Green, Corbin, Flemingsburg, Frankfort, Greensburg, Hazard, Jeffersontown (J-Town), Louisville, Radcliff, Richmond, Valley Station
  • Massachusetts counties: Barnstable, Plymouth. We’re talking Cape Cod.
  • Massachusetts places: (western half of) Cape Cod
  • New Jersey counties: Atlantic, Camden, Ocean. We’re talking southern New Jersey, where the Jersey Devil lives (he might have ate them all up).
  • New Jersey cities: Linwood, Manchester Township, Winslow Township
  • New York counties: Nassau, Suffolk. We’re talking Long Island.
  • New York cities: East Setauket and Dix Hills (thanks Elias Bonaros).
  • North Carolina counties: Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Henderson, McDowell, Mitchell, Wilkes. We’re talking western North Carolina, particularly areas heavily impacted by Hurricane Helene. It will be interesting to see if the cicadas were impacted as well, as flooding may have washed away their underground tunnels and habitat.
  • North Carolina cities: Asheville, Moravian Falls, north-west of Nashville, Wilkesboro
  • Ohio counties: Adams, Brown, Butler, Clermont, Clinton, Gallia, Hamilton, Highland, Ross, Warren. We’re talking south-western Ohio, with the hottest spots just east of Cincinnati. This is the homeland of cicada-experts Gene Kritsky and Roy Troutman, and world-famous botanist Matt Berger.
  • Ohio cities: Batavia, Blue Ash, Cincinnati area, Indian Hill, Loveland, Maderia, Mariemont, Milford, Miami Twp.
  • Pennsylvania counties: Adams, Berks, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Cumberland, Huntingdon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Lycoming, Mifflin, Montour, Northumberland, Snyder, Union. We’re talking central Pe,nnsylvania, and random locations toward the east.
  • Pennsylvania cities: Bear Gap, Elverson
  • Tennessee counties: Bledsoe, Blount, Campbell, Carter, Cheatham, Claiborne, Cocke, Coffee, Cumberland, Davidson, Grainger, Grundy, Hancock, Hawkins, Jefferson, Marion, Putnam, Roane, Robertson, Rutherford, Sevier, Sumner, Unicoi, Williamson. We’re talking north of Nashville, north-west of Chattanooga and in random places in the eastern half of the state.
  • Tennessee cities: Cades Cove, Goodlettsville, Hampton, Muddy Pond
  • Virginia counties: Botetourt, Lee, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell, Wise. We’re talking western Virginia, and mostly the part tucked under Kentucky.
  • West Virginia counties: Cabell, Kanawha, Mason, Mingo, Putnam, Wyoming. We’re talking the area west of Interstate 77 (I-77), bordered by Kentucky and Ohio.
  • West Virginia cities: Huntington

More Location Tips:

* Although county locations may no longer be accurate, I like to keep them on the page in case someone discovers a small, secret or unknown population of these cicadas. People might be disappointed, but we want to know for sure that the cicadas are (or are not) thriving in historical locations. This is the cicada researcher’s dilemma: either focus on the guaranteed/sure shot locations for the general public to enjoy, or include the obscure, relic locations so we do not miss out on rare cicada sightings. Cicadas @ UCONN talks about the relationship between the different broods — Brood XIV and Brood X are closely related geographically and genetically. You might find a Brood X straggler emerging 4 years late, and mistake it for Brood XIV. If a large number (large enough to sustain future emergences) of Brood X makes the 4-year “JUMP” to be in synch with Brood XIV, they technically become Brood XIV (and the reverse is true).

1907 Map

This map comes from the 1907 publication Marlatt, C.L. 1907. The periodical cicada. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology.

Marlatt 1907 14 Brood XIV

A more modern map made by Roy Troutman

Brood XIV Map © Roy Troutman
Brood XIV Map © Roy Troutman

More facts and fun:

YouTube Playlist of Brood XIV Cicadas from 2008

Categories
Magicicada

Nel PreTech Corporation created a CT scan of a female Magicicada

This is an interesting story from LinkedIn. The folks at Nel PreTech Corporation created a CT scan of a female Magicicada!

CT Scan of a Cicada Insect